Determination of the economic and environmental conditions for implementation of innovative recycling methods of Indium and Gallium
Faisal, Saud Al (2017)
Diplomityö
Faisal, Saud Al
2017
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201708308356
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201708308356
Tiivistelmä
Global high-tech industries are expanding prodigiously and comprehensively reliant on some critical materials. Limited sources of supply of these materials constituting strain along with ambiguity amidst the world high-tech markets. Additionally, most of these materials are facilitated with inadequate competent substitutes and inferior recycling rate. Expeditious inflation of industrial manufacturing guides to thriving requirements of resources, so shielding of resources is essential for forthcoming industrial facilities. As the market of electronic apparatuses are eminently flourishing, consequently wastes from these components are assumed to be expeditiously expanding. So, there are vigorous requisite to figure out the recoverable quantity in purpose of meeting the demand of closed loop lifecycle by envisaging relevant aspects such as recycling cost, time and feasibility.
In this study, lifecycle concerning indium and gallium has been appraised by executing system dynamics modeling method. Chronicled data regarding extraction, manufacturing, recycling and applications have been applied for numerical calculation of stock and flow of these materials in specific system boundaries for next 50 years. Simulation results specifies that end of life consumer products are possible source for secondary indium, specially retrieving technology required to develop for LCD panels as this product will contain the most recyclable scraps in future. CIGS solar cell is also a contemporary and developing application but due to long lifespan it is not regarded as conceivable source of recyclable indium. Evolving the efficiency of sputtering process is also proposed as this process has satisfying potentiality to be more effective in supplying secondary indium. Unlike indium the possibility of end of life recyclable Gallium is poor due to low concentration and inefficient GaAs wafer manufacturing process. Additionally, collecting and recycling cost, time and procedures might not be economically feasible for end of life recycling for Gallium.
In this study, lifecycle concerning indium and gallium has been appraised by executing system dynamics modeling method. Chronicled data regarding extraction, manufacturing, recycling and applications have been applied for numerical calculation of stock and flow of these materials in specific system boundaries for next 50 years. Simulation results specifies that end of life consumer products are possible source for secondary indium, specially retrieving technology required to develop for LCD panels as this product will contain the most recyclable scraps in future. CIGS solar cell is also a contemporary and developing application but due to long lifespan it is not regarded as conceivable source of recyclable indium. Evolving the efficiency of sputtering process is also proposed as this process has satisfying potentiality to be more effective in supplying secondary indium. Unlike indium the possibility of end of life recyclable Gallium is poor due to low concentration and inefficient GaAs wafer manufacturing process. Additionally, collecting and recycling cost, time and procedures might not be economically feasible for end of life recycling for Gallium.