Optimization of electricity supply to mobile base station with design of PV systems : A case study in Accra Metropolis
Minkah Kyei, Sandy (2018)
Diplomityö
2018
School of Energy Systems, Ympäristötekniikka
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Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2018092736820
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2018092736820
Tiivistelmä
This study explores the optimization of electricity supply to mobile base station with the modelling of a hybrid system configuration in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The hybrid system deployed is to enhance sustainability, reliability and stability of electricity supply to meet the telecom load. The proposed hybrid system incorporated solar photovoltaic (PV) with utility grid and a battery storage backup, (PV/Grid/Battery) with a converter conversion. The objective of the study is to reduce operational cost, emissions and cost of energy when compared with the existing system operation (Grid/DG/Battery).
The tool deployed in the simulation process is HOMER software, with sensitivity variables computed into the system to attain the optimum result. The sensitivity variables were fixed around diesel prices pegged between €1 and €2. Another sensitivity variable was the nominal discount fixed between 8 and 10 %. Thus, random power outages were infused into the system from the utility grid. Knowing the load consumption of selected cell sites, Achimota_1, Taifa_2, High Street and Tetteh Quarshie, the simulated results were compared with two different configurations: (PV/Grid/DG/Battery) and (PV/Grid/Battery). The simulation resulted in cost of energy for Achimota_1 of €0.425 with a renewable penetration of 41.4%. Taifa_2 optimum simulated results indicated COE €0.299 with 40.2% renewable fraction. The renewable share for High Street cell sites was 53.2 % and resulted in €0.313 cost of the energy. Lastly, the outcome of the simulation for Tetteh Quarshie revealed that with 17% renewable energy penetration, the cost of energy for the hybrid system was €0.345. Clearly, the hybrid system will sustainably improve electricity supply to the base stations, reduce GHG emissions, and cost of energy. This will enhance quality services from telecom operators.
The tool deployed in the simulation process is HOMER software, with sensitivity variables computed into the system to attain the optimum result. The sensitivity variables were fixed around diesel prices pegged between €1 and €2. Another sensitivity variable was the nominal discount fixed between 8 and 10 %. Thus, random power outages were infused into the system from the utility grid. Knowing the load consumption of selected cell sites, Achimota_1, Taifa_2, High Street and Tetteh Quarshie, the simulated results were compared with two different configurations: (PV/Grid/DG/Battery) and (PV/Grid/Battery). The simulation resulted in cost of energy for Achimota_1 of €0.425 with a renewable penetration of 41.4%. Taifa_2 optimum simulated results indicated COE €0.299 with 40.2% renewable fraction. The renewable share for High Street cell sites was 53.2 % and resulted in €0.313 cost of the energy. Lastly, the outcome of the simulation for Tetteh Quarshie revealed that with 17% renewable energy penetration, the cost of energy for the hybrid system was €0.345. Clearly, the hybrid system will sustainably improve electricity supply to the base stations, reduce GHG emissions, and cost of energy. This will enhance quality services from telecom operators.