Modeling the liquid-liquid extraction equilibrium of iron (III) with hydroxyoxime extractant and equilibrium-based simulation of counter-current copper extraction circuits

Abstract

The phase equilibrium in the loading and stripping stages of the liquid–liquid extraction of iron (III) with hydroxyoxime extractant in kerosene was studied over a wide range of hydroxyoxime extractant (Acorga M5640, 3–25 vol–%) and iron (1.5–45 g/L) concentrations. A mechanistic mathematical model explaining the phase equilibrium in the loading stage was developed and validated with new experimental data. The model accounts for the non-ideality of both the aqueous and the organic phases. The composition of the aqueous sulfate solution was calculated through speciation of the electrolytes with an extended Debye–Hückel model. The organic phase non-ideality in the loading stage was described with an empirical correlation that accounts for the effect of extractant concentration on the extraction equilibrium constant. The model parameters were fitted against measured experimental data using nonlinear regression analysis. A mechanistic mathematical model explaining the co-extraction of iron in copper liquid–liquid extraction was developed and validated using D-optimal experiment design and the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The model facilitates the optimization of copper liquid–liquid extraction circuits, as iron is the most common impurity in industrial systems, making process operations challenging.