Recovering nutrients from composting plant wastewater
Ghatreh Samani, Sepideh (2019)
Diplomityö
2019
School of Engineering Science, Kemiantekniikka
Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019121648378
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019121648378
Tiivistelmä
Applying the membrane separation technologies has drawn significant attentions specifically in recent decades. Their high effectiveness along with the cost-effectiveness of the entire processes make them amongst the favorable processes in industries. Composting process is permanently associated with generating significant amount of wastewater. The produced wastewater is rich in nutrients. In order to lead the leachate to the wastewater treatment plant, the level of organic compounds and especially nutrients in the wastewater should be reduced. This study has been conducted with the purpose of reusing these nutrients specifically phosphorous and take advantages of them as valuable substances. Recovery of phosphorous, nitrogen and carbon which could negatively affect the water quality are mainly studied. Turning these nutrients into environmentally-friendly products such as fertilizers and soil amendments could enhance the biophysical characteristics of the soil.
Literature part of this work deals with the diverse methods of treating composting and landfill leachate. Predominately, appropriate approaches of recovering nutrients were assessed by focusing on the phosphorous recovery as a valuable compound for agricultural usage.
In the experimental part different types of commercial membranes were tested in terms of targeting component rejection, permeate fluxes, fouling phenomena as well as operating parameters. The retention of phosphorous (P), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. Ultrafiltration with RC70PP membranes is a promising option for recovering phosphorous from composting leachate due to the high permeability as well as high retention for phosphorous. UF retained about (40-64)% of the total phosphorous. NF270 in its spiral-wound module showed satisfactory results in terms of rejection of targeting component compared to flat-sheet NF270. Reverse osmosis filtration with SW30 membranes, which was placed after nanofiltration proceeded effectively in terms of rejection of components and permeability. NF step plays an important role in the effectiveness of RO experiment. In other words, eliminating the NF step hindered the productivity of reverse osmosis step.
Literature part of this work deals with the diverse methods of treating composting and landfill leachate. Predominately, appropriate approaches of recovering nutrients were assessed by focusing on the phosphorous recovery as a valuable compound for agricultural usage.
In the experimental part different types of commercial membranes were tested in terms of targeting component rejection, permeate fluxes, fouling phenomena as well as operating parameters. The retention of phosphorous (P), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed. Ultrafiltration with RC70PP membranes is a promising option for recovering phosphorous from composting leachate due to the high permeability as well as high retention for phosphorous. UF retained about (40-64)% of the total phosphorous. NF270 in its spiral-wound module showed satisfactory results in terms of rejection of targeting component compared to flat-sheet NF270. Reverse osmosis filtration with SW30 membranes, which was placed after nanofiltration proceeded effectively in terms of rejection of components and permeability. NF step plays an important role in the effectiveness of RO experiment. In other words, eliminating the NF step hindered the productivity of reverse osmosis step.