Applications of piezoelectric materials in modern car industry and future trends

Abstract

This research paper presents a comprehensive examination of piezoelectric materials and their application in modern automobiles. The paper contributes novel insights into the modern car industry by elucidating the fundamental principles and classifications of piezoelectric materials, investigating the methodologies for preparing piezoelectric powders and performing sintering operations, scrutinizing the adverse consequences of lead usage, surveying recent progress in the development of lead-free piezoelectric materials, evaluating the distinct applications of piezoelectric materials in modern automobiles, and appraising the prospect of piezoelectric materials in addressing the 7th sustainable development goal. A triangulation research approach comprising literature review, expert interviews, and pre-set criteria analysis is used to achieve the research goals, with a pre-set criteria analysis employed for each individual research goal to construct a comprehensive appraisal of piezoelectric materials discussed in each specific context. The study's findings can be applied by car manufacturers in several ways, including evaluating the applications of piezoelectric materials, making better decisions on material selections, reducing environmental impact, and moving toward sustainable development. Additionally, the research has generalizable results, as the structure of the findings could be applicable to future research on other smart materials, facilitating a more systematic approach to their application in various fields.