Review of emerging advanced smart charging flexibility business models

Abstract

Electric vehicle sales across all transport modes have had a steady growth over the last decade, and mass electric mobility will soon become a reality. In Europe, this represents an opportunity to introduce higher shares of variable renewable energy into the generation mix. However, a shift to mass electromobility needs to be accompanied by extensive integration of advanced smart electric vehicle charging, which could serve growing mobility needs while supporting the power system through a series of possible flexibility services. Such services need yet to mature, and its synergistic business models to be better understood in terms of value streams they will deliver and to whom. This paper investigates a group of such business models, particularly linking EV and/or homeowners, building managers, and network operators.