Carbon capture technology : a review of existing methods with more focus on a certain technique

Abstract

The direct air capture (DAC) technology has attracted considerable attention as an emerging carbon capture technology (CCT), which aims to effectively capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles of DAC technology, its practical implementation, and the primary challenges and prospective avenues for future development. A systematic analysis of the existing literature is employed in this paper to discuss the two main mainstream approaches to DAC technology: the chemical sorbent-based approach and the physical sorption-based approach. The potential applications and future directions of the technology are also considered in light of the different adsorption methods. It is demonstrated that although DAC technology has the potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentration, its high energy consumption and cost remain the primary obstacles to commercialization. Finally, this paper emphasizes the necessity for future research, including the reduction of energy demand in DAC systems, the investigation of integration options with renewable energy sources, and the conduct of more field tests to validate their commercial viability. This review offers a valuable insight into the potential of DAC technologies in addressing global climate change and their future prospects for implementation.