EV charging field with battery banks for grid frequency support : high power e-truck/bus charging field as reserve market operator

Abstract

The increasing number of inverter-connected production resources poses challenges to frequency stability in power systems. To address this, new balancing solutions have been explored, with a significant focus on energy storage systems. This transition has created new opportunities in the Ancillary Service (AS) market. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)can provide essential support to the grid, enhancing the flexibility and reliability of the grid. This thesis investigates the Finnish electricity market with a focus on understanding the frequency reserve markets in Finland. It examines different reserve products in the Finnish electricity market, providing detailed operational rules and requirements. It offers insights into how these reserves function to maintain grid stability and highlights the role of energy storage systems in enhancing grid flexibility. Through a comprehensive analysis of frequency reserve markets, the study aims to contribute to a better understanding about the operational dynamics and the potential benefits of integrating energy storage solutions.

By analysing historical grid data, we examine the behaviour of each reserve product, simulating their activation patterns to understand how often and for how long each product is triggered. This analysis provides insights into the operational levels required for each reserve product, highlighting the power and energy needs necessary to stabilize the grid. The study reveals grid patterns and, based on these requirements, proposes a method to size the battery that is suitable for all reserve products. The aim of this study to provide a foundation for stakeholders and market participants with the suitable bidding hours and appropriate battery size.