Renewable energy integration and duck curve mitigation : case California and Germany
Mendis, Rehan (2024)
Diplomityö
2024
School of Energy Systems, Sähkötekniikka
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20241210100747
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20241210100747
Tiivistelmä
This thesis explores strategies to mitigate the Duck Curve phenomenon in California and Germany by integrating renewable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems, and other storage systems. Using EnergyPLAN software for scenario modelling, the study evaluates Business-as-Usual and High DER and V2G scenarios for 2050, focusing on renewable energy utilization, CO₂ emissions, energy costs, and grid stability.
In California, the High DER and V2G scenario fully eliminates the duck curve, reduces CO₂ emissions to 11 700 Mt with more than a 94% renewable energy share, and lowers system costs (excluding electricity imports and exports) to 18 billion euros - over three times lower than the BAU scenario. This scenario also halves the projected need for pumped hydro storage expansion, demonstrating the benefits of extensive DER deployment, including solar PV, wind power, grid scale storage systems and V2G systems.
In Germany, while both scenarios achieve carbon neutrality and 100% renewable energy, the High DER and V2G scenario addresses seasonal demand fluctuations by doubling wind power to 400 GW and battery storage to 120 GW. Although this scenario results a higher system cost (excluding electricity imports and exports) of 68 billion euros, it reduces reliance on electricity imports and increases renewable energy exports, offsetting costs in the long term.
The findings highlight the potential of advanced energy systems to decarbonize the grid, optimize costs, and enhance energy resilience, fulfilling the research objectives for both regions.
In California, the High DER and V2G scenario fully eliminates the duck curve, reduces CO₂ emissions to 11 700 Mt with more than a 94% renewable energy share, and lowers system costs (excluding electricity imports and exports) to 18 billion euros - over three times lower than the BAU scenario. This scenario also halves the projected need for pumped hydro storage expansion, demonstrating the benefits of extensive DER deployment, including solar PV, wind power, grid scale storage systems and V2G systems.
In Germany, while both scenarios achieve carbon neutrality and 100% renewable energy, the High DER and V2G scenario addresses seasonal demand fluctuations by doubling wind power to 400 GW and battery storage to 120 GW. Although this scenario results a higher system cost (excluding electricity imports and exports) of 68 billion euros, it reduces reliance on electricity imports and increases renewable energy exports, offsetting costs in the long term.
The findings highlight the potential of advanced energy systems to decarbonize the grid, optimize costs, and enhance energy resilience, fulfilling the research objectives for both regions.