Towards net-zero steam production : challenges and solutions for industrial decarbonization

Abstract

This thesis explores pathways to achieving net-zero steam production as part of industrial decarbonization efforts, focusing on heat-intensive industries in the European Union. It assesses the feasibility of alternative technologies, including HTHPs, TES, electric boilers, and solar-assisted steam systems. Through an in-depth literature review and case studies, the research identifies hybrid systems combining HTHPs and TES as highly promising for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Integrating TES with renewable energy sources, such as solar thermal and photovoltaics, reduces fossil fuel reliance by up to 90% while maintaining economic competitiveness. Despite their potential, challenges such as high capital costs, system integration complexities, and renewable energy variability must be addressed to enable large-scale adoption. This research offers a comprehensive framework to guide policymakers and industries in advancing innovative solutions for industrial decarbonization.