Modeling and validation of overcurrent and earth-fault protection schemes with relay integration in a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) framework

Abstract

This thesis presents a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) framework for modeling and validating overcurrent and earth-fault protection schemes with relay integration in a real-time simulation environment for medium voltage (MV) networks. Using the Typhoon HIL 604 device and Universal HIL Connect, the system interfaces with the ABB REF 615 relay, enabling realistic fault scenario testing, real-time monitoring through HIL Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), and dynamic parameter adjustments via Python scripting. The results illustrate the fault waveforms, demonstrating that the fault currents align with the calculated and simulated values, validating the accuracy of the protection schemes and minimizing the need for physical testing. The system provides real-time visualization of relay activation and fault identification within SCADA, with relay parametrization managed through PCM 600 software. Additionally, it displays relay tripping during fault occurrences in the SCADA interface, while the physical relay indicates the specific type of fault detected. Future research should explore adaptive protection strategies, dynamic relay settings, and machine learning-based analytics to enhance protection performance in distributed energy resource (DER) integrated networks, microgrids, and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, contributing to more reliable and efficient modern power systems.