CFD-DEM study of sepration process of chip-like particles in spouted beds for PV recycling

Abstract

With the rapid development of solar power generation, recycling of end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules is essential for sustainable development. This study focuses on the separation of chip-shaped particles representing PV waste using a spouted bed. We built a three-dimensional model using coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) to simulate particle-fluid interactions under different conditions. Key parameters, such as spouting velocity, particle size, and density, were analyzed. The results show that lighter and smaller particles are more easily entrained by the jetting gas, while heavier particles settle near the bottom of the bed, resulting in efficient separation. The simulations reveal unique flow patterns and provide detailed insights into particle motion, separation, and residence time, which are difficult to observe in experiments. These findings contribute to the design and optimization of PV recycling systems, thereby supporting resource recovery and environmental protection. This study demonstrates the potential of CFD-DEM in simulating complex separation processes and provides development directions for industrial applications.