Recycling of solar photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The rapid advancement in renewable energy sources has significantly increased the demand for solar photovoltaic panels, which play a significant role in achieving sustainable energy goals. However, this growing deployment of solar technology presents a dual challenge, managing end-of-life solar PV panels and addressing their environmental impact upon disposal. This thesis is primarily centered upon a review of literature, both academic and industrial, to analyze PV recycling technologies and the challenges regarding the end-of-life solar PV panels from diverse geographical regions. This thesis examines the complex material composition of solar PV panels and highlights key substances, both toxic and valuable. It also explores current recycling approaches, including mechanical, chemical, and advanced methods, assessing their effectiveness and associated costs. The study emphasizes the environmental and economic consequences of improper disposal and inefficient recycling. It recommends strategic interventions such as the development of new recycling technologies, stricter global legislation, and financial incentives to enhance recycling rates and minimize waste. This research contributes to renewable energy literature by addressing the life-cycle challenges of solar PV panels and offering actionable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and researchers aiming to promote a circular economy in the renewable energy sector.