Environmentally sustainable mining

Abstract

The increasing demand for natural resources has intensified pressure on the mining sector to adopt more sustainable practices. This study examines global sustainable mining approaches, with a specific focus on pollution control, energy efficiency, and waste management. Using a systematic literature review of 16 studies published between 2015 and 2025, thematic analysis revealed that technologies such as automation, closed-loop water systems, and artificial intelligence significantly reduce environmental impacts. However, adoption is hindered by weak policy enforcement, limited financial resources, and strategic misalignment. Drawing from Finnish case studies, the research identifies robust regulatory frameworks and industry innovations that have driven more sustainable outcomes. The study recommends strengthening environmental regulations, investing in green technologies, and promoting stakeholder engagement and circular economy models to facilitate more sustainable mining globally.