Battery and fuel cell powertrains for small passenger aircrafts

Abstract

This thesis focuses on integrating lithium-ion (NMC), lithium-sulphur batteries and hydrogen fuel cell energies into a hybrid electric power system of small passenger aircraft. Electrification of training and short-haul aircraft has been pointed out as a potential avenue following the industry pressure to reduce emissions. A thorough analysis of current state of electric propulsion technologies, battery chemistries and fuel cell technologies are first delivered. A hybrid system consisting of a 75 kg lithium-ion battery and a 65 kg hydrogen fuel cell are then investigated with a hybrid configuration analysis completed to determine the capability of the configuration to support all phases of the flight under study i.e. a 120-minute flight. Within the study are theoretical estimates of energy calculations, the sizing of the components, and a cap on phase-specific power distribution. More effective power-management plans are thereafter discussed, and regenerative braking strategies are used in an attempt to enhance the overall efficiency of the whole system. It is also known that the emerging enablers like solid-state batteries, structural energy storage, and AI-based energy management are also considered in the refers to the work. Its results show that hybrid powertrains can be a low-emission alternative in the general aviation sector, but additional simulation verification and development of a complex infrastructure are necessary to switch to real use.