Energy storage systems for vessels

Abstract

This thesis conducts a systematic investigation into the development, application, and optimization of energy storage systems (ESS) for modern vessels, aiming to support the maritime industry's transition toward low-carbon and intelligent shipping. The study first introduces the motivation and research contributions, followed by a detailed classification of ESS based on energy forms—covering electrical, chemical, and mechanical storage technologies. Each category is analysed in terms of its working principles, performance, and suitability for marine deployment. The thesis further explores the role of traditional energy sources and evaluates how renewable power—such as solar, wind, and nuclear—can be retrofitted into existing vessel architectures. Hybrid propulsion solutions, including lithium iron phosphate batteries and hydrogen fuel cells, are assessed alongside emerging hydrogen storage techniques. Moreover, advanced propulsion systems like shaftless rim propellers and the integration of shore power and modular containerized batteries are discussed. The study also includes modelling approaches for ESS, dynamic systems, and vessel load scenarios, followed by risk assessment methods. In response to future trends, the thesis proposes modular retrofitting strategies, electric ocean shipping frameworks, autonomous navigation, and intelligent monitoring systems. The discussion concludes with a critical reflection on the study’s limitations and outlines potential directions for further innovation in energy storage systems for vessels.