The role of social robots in pro-environmental communication : a systematic review of strategies and influencing factors

Abstract

The purpose of doing this review is (a) to explore how social robots can facilitate pro-environmental behaviour in sustainability communication; (b) to understand the techniques of the social robots to stimulate user engagement and behaviour; and (c) to understand what factors make social robots effective in helping to promote long-term behaviour change. Analysed 57 journal articles that were published between 2009 and 2025. Humanoid robots, capable of providing individualized feedback, social support and empathy, proved to be the most useful in encouraging sustainable practices like recycling and energy saving. The success of the robots can be affected by the design (humanoid or non-humanoid), personalisation of their interactions, trust and how well they can fit in the cultural background of the users. The primary action plans for the efficiency of social robots are to make them more efficient in their communication channels, develop emotional bonds, and make them behave according to the preference of the users. A variety of stakeholders such as robot developers, environmental organizations, and policymakers should implement such strategies. Nevertheless, the role of the user in their interaction with and adoption of such robots is a crucial requirement for their success in the sustainability endeavours.