Mixed-Integer Linear Programming for Supply Chain Network Design, Evaluating Upstream-Downstream Sustainability Impacts

Abstract

This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework for sustainable supply chain network design (SSCND) that explicitly links upstream decisions such as site allocation, route selection, and vehicle type to downstream sustainability outcomes. A numerical experiment demonstrates how these strategies significantly influence the overall sustainability balance. The proposed MILP method offers a structured foundation for integrating multi-level sustainability considerations into SCND planning and policy evaluation. The findings provide managerial insights for improving decision alignment between cost and sustainability objectives.