Diffusion of Sustainable Fuel in Heavy Road Transport: Drivers and Barriers in Biogas

Abstract

This study explores the adoption of biogas as an alternative fuel in heavy road transport, focusing on transport companies in Finland. Qualitative interviews are used to analyze the main drivers, barriers and policy influences in three dimensions: economic feasibility, infrastructure readiness and policy support. Findings show that while biogas is a sustainable and mature alternative to diesel, adoption is hindered by high vehicle costs, fuel price volatility and infrastructure gaps. Policy uncertainty further complicates investment decisions. However, increasing customer demand and corporate sustainability goals are driving interest, with some companies integrating biogas into long-term strategies despite limited financial incentives. The study reinforces existing theories on the uptake of alternative fuels, while highlighting region-specific challenges. It emphasizes the need for stable policies, targeted infrastructure investment and industry collaboration to accelerate adoption. Future research should be extended to include policy makers, biogas producers and transport customers, alongside quantitative assessments of emissions and cost competitiveness.