A comparative total cost of ownership analysis of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks in China and the European Union
Ye, Jinlin (2026)
Diplomityö
2026
School of Engineering Science, Tuotantotalous
Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20260622101600
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20260622101600
Tiivistelmä
The purpose of this thesis was to compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of hydrogen heavy-duty truck (HHDTs) in China and in the EU. Furthermore, this study examines how regional policy shape their economic feasibility. A literature overview of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and hydrogen policy, also a technical overview of LOCH and TCO models.
The regulative aspects concern the Green Deal as a starting point, reviewing the regulations relevant to HHDTs includes the European Green Deal, Fit for 55, REPowerEU, the Delegated Act on renewable hydrogen, AFIR. Also, the China’s part includes the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021–2035), together with provincial and municipal hydrogen development plans concerning hydrogen refuelling station construction and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle promotion.
This study reviews TCO models in different scenarios, develops a cross regional TCO comparison for HHDT based on the data from literatures and reports in China and the European Union. The TCO assessment evaluated the feasibility of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks in different regional and sensitivity scenarios. China results in a lower cost in TCO around 0.47 €/km compared with the EU around 0.87 €/km. When annual mileage increased from 40,000 to 160,000 km/year, the TCO decreased from 0.68 to 0.37 €/km in China and from 1.35 to 0.61 €/km in the EU. The main cost gap comes from higher CAPEX and especially higher hydrogen fuel cost in the EU. Overall, hydrogen price, utilization level, and upfront vehicle cost are the key factors shaping the economic feasibility of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks.
The regulative aspects concern the Green Deal as a starting point, reviewing the regulations relevant to HHDTs includes the European Green Deal, Fit for 55, REPowerEU, the Delegated Act on renewable hydrogen, AFIR. Also, the China’s part includes the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of the Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021–2035), together with provincial and municipal hydrogen development plans concerning hydrogen refuelling station construction and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle promotion.
This study reviews TCO models in different scenarios, develops a cross regional TCO comparison for HHDT based on the data from literatures and reports in China and the European Union. The TCO assessment evaluated the feasibility of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks in different regional and sensitivity scenarios. China results in a lower cost in TCO around 0.47 €/km compared with the EU around 0.87 €/km. When annual mileage increased from 40,000 to 160,000 km/year, the TCO decreased from 0.68 to 0.37 €/km in China and from 1.35 to 0.61 €/km in the EU. The main cost gap comes from higher CAPEX and especially higher hydrogen fuel cost in the EU. Overall, hydrogen price, utilization level, and upfront vehicle cost are the key factors shaping the economic feasibility of hydrogen heavy-duty trucks.