Pretreatment processes in gold recovery by thiosulphate leaching
Neuvonen, Marja Sinikka (2013)
Diplomityö
Neuvonen, Marja Sinikka
2013
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201302061746
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201302061746
Tiivistelmä
This thesis describes several different pretreatment processes for gold
concentrates and ores. The thesis is divided to theoretical part and experimental
part. The theoretical part presents the operating principle of the main pretreatment
methods and their suitability for thiosulphate leaching. In the theoretical part also
the whole recovery process for gold from ore to elemental gold is presented. In
the experimental part the study is focused on pretreatment of sulphidic refractory
concentrates with mechanical activation and chemical oxidation under alkaline
environment; and their effect on leachability in the thiosulphate leaching. In the
experimental part a combined 2-step process, where chemical oxidation under
ammoniacal environment is cascaded with thiosulphate leaching in the same
conditions, is also tested.
The main sulphuric mineral components in the studied refractory concentrate are
pyrite (49.4 %) and arsenopyrite (27.7 %). The gold content in the concentrate is
11.3 ppm and silver content is 90 ppm. Without pretreatment the gold conversion
in thiosulphate leaching was 30 %, which was analyzed at the time point of 9
hours. At that time the silver conversion was 17 %. By using mechanical
activation the gold conversion reached was 59 % and silver conversion 26 %.
With chemical oxidation under alkaline environment, where the used chemical
was sodium hydroxide, the reached conversion of gold was 72 % and 31 % for
silver. In the combined oxidation and leaching experiment the conversion of gold
remained at 49 % and 18 % for silver. Tämä diplomityö käsittelee erilaisia esikäsittelymenetelmiä kultakonsentraateille ja -malmeille. Teoriaosassa selvitetään erilaisten esikäsittelymenetelmien toimintaperiaatteet ja niiden mahdollinen soveltuvuus tiosulfaattiliuotukseen. Teoriaosassa esitellään myös kokonaisuudessaan kullan pelkistysprosessi malmista alkuaineeksi. Kokeellisessa osassa tutkittiin rikkipitoisen refraktorisen konsentraatin esikäsittelyä sekä sen vaikutusta kullan liuotukseen. Esikäsittelymenetelminä käytettiin mekaanista aktivointia ja alkalisissa olosuhteissa tapahtuvaa kemiallista hapetusta. Kokeellisessa osassa testattiin myös konsentraatille kaksiosaista prosessia, jossa kemiallinen hapetus ja tiosulfaattiliuotus suoritettiin peräkkäin samoissa olosuhteissa. Suurimman osan refraktorisen malmin rikkipitoisista mineraaleista muodostivat pyriitti (49,4 %) ja arsenopyriitti (27,7 %). Kultaa konsentraatti sisälsi 11,3 ppm ja hopeaa 90 ppm. Ilman esikäsittelymenetelmän käyttöä kullan liuotuksen konversio oli 30 %, joka analysoitiin yhdeksän tunnin kohdalla tiosulfaattiliuotuskoetta. Hopean konversio tässä kokeessa oli 17 %. Mekaanisella aktivoinnilla saavutettiin 59 % kullan konversio ja 26 % hopean konversio. Kemialliselle hapetukselle alkalisissa olosuhteissa, jossa kemiakaalina toimi natriumhydroksidi, paras konversio kullalle oli 72 % ja hopealle 31 %. Yhdistetyissä kemiallisen hapetuksen ja tiosulfaattiliuotuksen kokeissa saavutettiin vain kullan konversio 49 % ja hopean konversio 18 %.
concentrates and ores. The thesis is divided to theoretical part and experimental
part. The theoretical part presents the operating principle of the main pretreatment
methods and their suitability for thiosulphate leaching. In the theoretical part also
the whole recovery process for gold from ore to elemental gold is presented. In
the experimental part the study is focused on pretreatment of sulphidic refractory
concentrates with mechanical activation and chemical oxidation under alkaline
environment; and their effect on leachability in the thiosulphate leaching. In the
experimental part a combined 2-step process, where chemical oxidation under
ammoniacal environment is cascaded with thiosulphate leaching in the same
conditions, is also tested.
The main sulphuric mineral components in the studied refractory concentrate are
pyrite (49.4 %) and arsenopyrite (27.7 %). The gold content in the concentrate is
11.3 ppm and silver content is 90 ppm. Without pretreatment the gold conversion
in thiosulphate leaching was 30 %, which was analyzed at the time point of 9
hours. At that time the silver conversion was 17 %. By using mechanical
activation the gold conversion reached was 59 % and silver conversion 26 %.
With chemical oxidation under alkaline environment, where the used chemical
was sodium hydroxide, the reached conversion of gold was 72 % and 31 % for
silver. In the combined oxidation and leaching experiment the conversion of gold
remained at 49 % and 18 % for silver.
